Articles
THE COCOA RECKONING: WEST AFRICA’S TREE-STOCK COLLAPSE AND THE SYSTEM THAT CAN NO LONGER HIDE IT
For two decades the cocoa industry has lived on a comforting illusion: that West Africa — with its deep forests, vast smallholder networks, and political incentives to preserve high-volume exports — would continue supplying the world regardless of shocks, crises, weather, or structural decay. That illusion is now dissolving. Behind the